Friday, January 20, 2017

What's the deal with GMOs?



 I live in an area that is in an Agriculture Land Preserve Program.  That means that there are signs that say “Forever and ever, preserved as agricultural land” all over and there is either corn or soy planted and there are horses, chickens and peacocks and peahens. It is a beautiful area. I am the only one on this vast stretch, though, who is concerned with growing organically, or who worries about non-GMO vegetables, fruits and herbs.  In fact, those who grow around here commercially swear that “You can’t find non-GMO corn anymore.”

I asked a neighbor once, in my ignorance “Why don’t those cornfields ever have weeds?”  Why do I have to put down paper and straw as mulch and y’all have nothing but dirt?”  He said: “That’s what happens when you try to do things organic.  We don’t have to worry about weeds.  We use GMO corn and we spray.”  This is why the realtor had to have a reverse osmosis water purifier installed in our house before we were allowed to move in to filter out the nitrates.

            I have heard a lot of grief about my 60 foot by 43 foot garden, because I work it by hand (not even by hoe, because I’m 100% disabled, and that hurts my back, so I sit and do it literally, by hand), because I don’t use anything but organic, home-made pesticide, and because I don’t use anything but organic fertilizer.  (I also grow “weird” things like collards, mustard greens and okra, which people around here don’t eat, and older things such as depression era dragon tongue beans.) I order heirloom seeds and non-GMO seeds so I know you can get them, so long as you look for them. 

My neighbors are pretty nice and supportive, and they appreciate a hard worker, although they see me out there working and shake their heads, because maybe they think I am working a bit too hard and maybe not as efficiently as I could be. They have offered me some of their corn.  It is good, but mine is sweeter by far. 

When I visited Hawaii after I got out of the Navy I read something about their anti-GMO laws.  That was my first introduction on the topic, actually.  I didn’t understand the issue at all, but I thought that people had a right to understand what their food was made of, and whether it was genetically modified in a lab.  Just like I felt like people had every right to know exactly what was in every container of food they picked up in a grocery store.

However, what exactly does “GMO” mean for a farmer?  And for the consumer?  So, first I learned that in Hawaii during the mid-1990’s a case of Papaya ringspot virus decimated the Papaya trees.  Genetically engineered papaya trees were developed with a gene from the ringspot virus to produce an immunization. Regulators in America and in Japan approved the genetically modified papaya and it reduced the amounts of pesticide required to fight the aphids that carried the virus.  So, in this example, we think, good: more papayas, more money for farmers, less pesticides used.  The lead developer Hawaii-born Dennis Gonsalves and his team were awarded the 2002 Humboldt Prize for the most significant contribution to US agriculture in five years.  Great.  Here is the issue: according to critics such as Jeffrey Smith it could harm people due to the protein produced by the new gene and no studies had been conducted.  That is pretty scary, right?  And to release such products to the market on a wide scale without testing them first, that seems to be a bad thing.  And here is another thing, now someone has patented and owns the seeds, so farmers can’t legally reproduce them and replant them on their own.4

The ban of GMOs that did stick in Hawaii was the one on taro, so that cross-pollination did not occur between GMO and non-GMO crops. That possibly had to more to do with the nature of taro for the natives of Hawaii, as it is sacred to their origin story.1

What about corn, specifically? What did my neighbors mean when they said that “you can’t get a non-GMO corn” anymore?  Reading the article about genetically modified corn and those concerns that Hawaiian natives had about cross pollination made me wonder if it wasn’t a lack of resourcefulness that caused my neighbors to say such a thing, but rather a sense of alarm that perhaps all corn had cross pollinated at this point anyway, and it is all GMO corn.  Where I live, if my organic heirloom seeds have actually remained such until I planted them, my best bet may well be to NOT save my seeds, but to reorder each year from the certified organic, heirloom seed sellers, and replant that way, because I am sure that I will have cross-pollinated corn with all of the GMO corn in the vast fields that surround me.  So much for my beautiful 1850-era corn crib.

Some tests done showed that tumors developed on mice fed GMO corn may well have developed tumors anyway, and more studies should be done.4  So, to this point, really...the verdict is still out.  Studies are still being done, vast numbers of people are arguing against GMO’s, although their passion is greatly out of proportion with the amount of data that is available to support the argument against genetically modified/engineered plants and derived food.  I believe responsible research is mandatory and should continue.  In the meantime, I will be in my garden, planting my organic, non-GMO seeds and enjoying my “weird” ways.

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1.        Boyd, R. Genetically modified Hawaii. Retrieved August 28, 2016, from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/genetically-modified-    hawaii/

2.     de Vendômois, J. S., Roullier, F., Cellier, D., & Séralini, G.-E. (2009a).  A comparison of the effects of Three GM corn varieties          on mammalian health. , 5(7), . Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2793308/

3.       Di, J., By, P., Bondera, M., & Query, M. (2006). Hawaiian Papaya: GMO contaminated. Hawaii SEED1, . Retrieved from     http://hawaiiseed.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Papaya-Contamination-Report.pdf

4.       Harmon, A. (2014a, January 13). A lonely quest for facts on genetically modified crops. U.S. Retrieved from     http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/05/us/on-hawaii-a-lonely-quest-for-facts-about-gmos.html?_r=0

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